Machiavelli and Gandhi Essay - 858 Words

Ahimsa is a concept that was practiced by political and ideological leader Mohandas Gandhi; a concept that he used to promote the use of non-violent tactics and passive resistance against colonial rule in India. Mohandas Gandhi used Ahimsa as the means to an end and therefore, ultimately rejected Machiavellis advice on the qualities a prince must possess to retain his title. Machiavelli advises that the leaders have military experience and, â€Å"In peace time he must train himself more than in times of war. This can be done in two ways: one by action, the other by the mind† (Jacobus 40). Ghandi does not have military experience and Ahimsa, loosely translated, means abstinence from violence either by thought, word, or deed. Ahimsa requires a†¦show more content†¦In the worst case, some of Mohandas’ followers and practitioners of Satyagraha were killed for diligently pursuing the cause of freeing India from British colonial rule. Nevertheless, Mohandas did not w aver on his word or his pursuit of resisting the British government in India. Machiavelli also states in â€Å"The Qualities of the Prince†, â€Å"he must strive to make everyone recognize in his actions greatness, spirit, dignity, and strength† (Jacobus 50). This advice was stated in the context that it is better to be feared than loved because as a leader it is your responsibility to control and run the state. Mohandas Gandhi dedicated most of his life to freeing India from British colonial rule. He had led thousands and inspired millions in the pursuit of this goal. In Mohandas Gandhi’s autobiography he stated, â€Å"The seeker after truth should be humbler than the dust. The world crushes the dust under its feet, but the seeker after truth should so humble himself that even the dust could crush him. Only then, and not till then, will he have a glimpse of truth† (Gandhi). Through humility Mohandas obtained followers and pursued his goal of relinquishin g India from colonial rule. However, because Mohandas refused to give up on his dream of an independent India, Mohandas gained, along with his followers, those who also opposed his methods and teachings. Mohandas Gandhi had proven his actions many times through his progressShow MoreRelatedEvaluating Historical Views Of Leadership Paper LDR1080 Words   |  5 Pagesanalyzing the commonalities and disparities among a group of influential leaders, such as Thomas Carlyle, Mohandas Gandhi, Niccolo Machiavelli and W.E.B Du Bois. Carlyle (1795-1881), a Scottish historian emphasized the importance of heroism that required men to be subordinated to the commander of men (Wren, 1995 p.53). Further analysis of the evaluation revealed theories of Gandhi and Machiavelli which produced evidence of conflicting viewpoints on the topic of violence among historical leaders throughoutRead MoreMachiavelli Just Society Analysis1331 Words   |  6 Pagesjust society stands with a strong leader that focu ses on a unified cultural change in their country for the benefit of the people. King and Machiavelli both pursues a just society with equality between any race, unity, and are an open-minded leader. When it comes to cultural change for the sake of unifying the country no one does it better than Machiavelli. He has a clear mindset and guidelines that he expects from the future prince to follow to keep a unified culture. As instructed by the fatherRead MoreEssay on Impact of the Writers of Antiquity on Modern Times613 Words   |  3 Pagesdescriptions of their theories. Born of brilliant men like Marx and Machiavelli, to name a few, these theories are preserved in books, illustrated in day-to-day domestic and international affairs, and immortalized in modern theories and documents. They are the predecessors of present theories that have been reinterpreted for a different era and reapplied in a new context. In his most famous work, The Prince, Niccolà ³ Machiavelli discusses the ways in which to not only attain, but also retain, politicalRead MoreAnalysis Of Machiavelli s The Prince 1370 Words   |  6 Pagesman. Niccolo Machiavelli and Immanuel Kant are political philosophers who have grappled with these very relationships. Machiavelli wrote The Prince over three centuries before the process of Italian unification had begun. The Italian Peninsula was fragmented and could not stand on its own especially compared to the unified powers like Spain and France. It is from this weak position that the Republic of Florence falls costing Machiavelli his own political power. And so, Machiavelli writes his bookRead MoreAssessment of a Statement Essay1102 Words   |  5 Pages Niccollo Machiavelli, born on May 3, 1469, lived during a period of turmoil and constant war in Europe. Machiavelli believed that political life cannot and should not be governed by a set of moral or religious absolutes. He also believed that in the interest of securing the state, acts of violenceRead MoreMachiavelli And The Apology Of The Prince1718 Words   |  7 Pages Machiavelli writes The Prince centuries after Plato documents Socrates in Crito and The Apology. Despite the different time periods, both Machiavelli and Socrates experience times of turmoil where the concept of democracy was questioned. However, the different time periods cause the views and purposes of Machiavelli’s writing to largely differ from Socrates. Machiavelli writes in a time of turmoil where Italy was a bunch of small, fragmented states and when the Medici’s struggled to regainRead MorePolitical Representation Of Political Violence1337 Words   |  6 PagesRenaissance, terror was used as a weapon of state power, and this is reflected in some of the Elizabethan dramas where Renaissance tragedy has its origins in Tudor terror and in the embryonic British state as much as in the Italian city-state of Machiavelli (Orr Klaic 3-4). However, it is ch iefly in the twentieth century that playwrights like Sean O Casey, Peter Weiss, Trevor Griffiths, Bertolt Brecht, and Edward Bond have explored the dialectics of violence and resistance, violence and revolutionRead More The Elements of Fantasy and Horror1578 Words   |  7 PagesManchu to Machiavelli here† (15). The black hat is an allusion to a villain, especially in a western movie where a character would wear a black hat to contrast the protagonist’s white hat. Moriarty, Fu Manchu, and Machiavelli exemplify famous archenemies, criminals, and scoundrels throughout history. This clearly shows that Jim harbors the evil half. Charles can also see that Will has a personality that contrasts Jim’s. He tells his son, â€Å"that leaves the white-hat boys to you, Will. Here’s Gandhi. NextRead MoreTo Be Loved or Feared as a Leader? Essay1710 Words   |  7 PagesTracing this conundrum back to the sixteenth century takes us to the writings of Machiavelli. His p olitical philosophy in The Prince acknowledges the best leaders to command both fear and love. Having said that, Machiavelli recognizes the opposite polarity of the two emotions and maintains that since it is difficult to combine both in one person, it is better to be feared as a leader than to be loved (Machiavelli, 2003, p.53). Today, about five hundred years later, the Machiavellian conceptRead MoreTo be loved or feared as a leader?1706 Words   |  7 PagesTracing this conundrum back to the sixteenth century takes us to the writings of Machiavelli. His political philosophy in The Prince acknowledges the best leaders to command both fear and love. Having said that, Machiavelli recognizes the opposite polarity of the two emotions and maintains that since it is difficult to combine both in one person, it is better to be feared as a leader than to be loved (Machiavelli, 2003, p.53). Today, about five hundred years later, the Machiavellian concept

Critical Thinking Reflection - 686 Words

Reflection Upon Critical Thinking Critical thinking has several formal definitions, yet it is a skill that must be practiced and should function on the practical, everyday level. Critical thinking is a skill set that involves approaching a subject or a question with vigor, curiosity, awareness, and an open mind. Critical thinking in a way, is a kind of thinking that demands that we think about thinking. That is to say, critical thinking includes that the thinker generates and sustains awareness of the ways in which he/she thinks. Critical thinking wants people to not only refine the way they reach a decision or come to a conclusion, but also to understand how aspects of our character and environment influence our methods of thinking as well. While there are many things I discovered regarding critical thinking, there are three things that stand out specifically for me. First of all, critical thinking is not easy. I consider myself a critical thinker and over the course I expanded my concepts of critical thinking as well as improve my overall critical thinking skills. Critical thinking, whether considering a newcomer or an old hand, is not an easy or simple task. Critical thinking requires effort and during the process one may even become stuck. That is all right, though, because the results from the effort of critical thinking are worth the work. Another thing that I learned that good critical thinking should include taking the side of ones opposition at some point.Show MoreRelatedEssay on Critical Thinking/Reflection1393 Words   |  6 PagesAssessing both critical thinking and the reflection process in learning, these aspects are both intertwined. Without one, you cannot have the other. With the use of critical thinking and reflection this thought process allows us to analyse, assess, evaluate, learn and develop arguments. However this can have a twofold affect in the learning process. The learning process means taking many aspects and perspectives into account to establish an argument. Critical thinking draws on questions such as:Read MoreCritical Thinking Reflection Essay579 Words   |  3 PagesCritical thinking is a significant and essential topic in recent education. The strategy of critical thinking skills helps identify areas in ones courses as the suitable place to highlight, expand and use some problems in exams that test students critical thinking skills. Critical thinking means accurate thinking in the search of appropriate and dependable knowledge about the world. Another way to describe it is sensible, insightful, responsible, and skillful thinking that is focusedRead MoreReflection Paper On Critical Thinking1104 Words   |  5 Pagesthis. I tend to write just from my perspective and if I don’t know a topic or understand an audience very well then, I just write surface type things and can’t really empathize with whatever I am writing. critical thinking, reading, and writing In a different class, I learned about critical thinking in a different way and how to improve it. It’s all about questioning things. There are three strategies: First, ask how a person knows what they claim to know. Think about the process on uses and not theRead MoreWeek5 Critical Thinking Reflection Essay677 Words   |  3 Pagesï » ¿Select one of the following questions and answer it in 200 to 300 words using the principles of critical thinking you learned in this course. How can we reduce poverty in the United States? Will receiving a college degree improve your career opportunities? Has the United States peaked as a world power?   Will receiving a college degree improve your career opportunities? Once I choice this question immediately my enculturation barrier surfaced, because as soon as I read the question I said to myselfRead MoreCritical Thinking Reflection Paper1895 Words   |  8 Pagesphrase ‘critical thinking’ very loosely. Textbooks typically use this term to label discussion questions, but, in my experience, teachers have never used this as an opportunity to encourage real critical thinking. In fact, before I joined this class, I had gone through eleven years of schooling without ever being told what those two little words mean. I always assumed that I had good critical thinking skills, just because I’m smart. After less than a month in this class, I realize that critical thinkingRead MoreCritical Thinking Reflection Paper1792 Words   |  8 Pagesbeneficial to engage in professional development that analyzes my ability to interact with my students and my strategies to create lessons that promote critical thinking, engagement and motivation. All of these are crucial points of an effective lesson. My teaching behaviors, both verbal and nonverbal, are important to analyze since they play a critical role in my lessons. Although using the SATIC sheet to evaluate my teaching behaviors is tedious and difficult, it opens a brand new lens to my teachingRead MoreReflection Journal On Critical Thinking For Nurses1181 Words   |  5 PagesReflection Journal on Critical Thinking for Nurses Critical thinking is defined as a disciplined, self directed thinking that meets appropriate intellectual standards within a particular mode or domain of thinking (Paul and Elder, 2014). In Nursing, the possession of this important skill helps a nurse to assess a given situation, identify the main problem, determine a perfect solution and implement an effective method of dealing with the problem. In this essay, I will share my experience whenRead MoreCritical Thinking Self Reflection. The Human Thought Process1292 Words   |  6 PagesCritical Thinking Self Reflection The human thought process is one that most people repeat dozens if not hundreds of times an hour. Many people don’t contemplate how this process works, they just process one thought after another to make decisions, solve problems, or process a fond memory. Examining and strengthening the thought process improves decision making abilities which enables a person to make better, more informed choices. This essay will analyze where I personally am in my development asRead MoreSteps Of Critical Thinking : Identification, Decision Making, Evaluation, And Reflection1305 Words   |  6 Pages, if not most, have heard of the phrase â€Å"use your critical thinking skills† but probably never truly understood what that meant and what it entails. There are seven steps that are used in critical thinking: Identification, research, analysis, application, decision making, evaluation, and reflection. The first step in the critical thinking process is identification which means exactly what the first steps is: identifying the problem or issue. The second step is research which is researching what the

Macbeth Literary Analysis Essay Example For Students

Macbeth Literary Analysis Essay In Shakespeare’s lifetime he wrote many plays. Many of them were critically acclaimedand others cast aside. The crowd always wanted to be more thoroughly entertained andShakespeare always tried to keep up with the people’s needs. In 1605, Shakespeare was beinghounded for another work of genius. Hamlet and King Lear had just been completed and thepeople begged for more. He knew not of what to write and like many playwrights, he didresearch. He found two stories from Hollinshed’s Chronicles of England, Scotland and Ireland. Shakespeare had already taken ideas from Hollinshed for his plays like Henry IV and Henry V. William decided to combine the reign of Macbeth and the murder of King Duff by Donwald andhis wife, altering both to suit his needs. Macbeth is by far the shortest play that WilliamShakespeare wrote. The main reason why this is so is not because Shakespeare did not havemuch to say, but because King James was so impatient. Macbeth was written basically fo r theking. In fact, the emphasis on witchery was because King James so heavily believed in sorcery. Shakespeare worried very much about the evil powers insulting the king. After all was said anddone, Macbeth was another barrier to be broken in the great scheme of performances. It was aninstant success. King James and the court loved it along with England. No offenses were madefrom Malcolm needing help from England. Shakespeare had feared that James would beoffended. From that moment on Macbeth would be known by all. Yet the people begged formore and hoped Macbeth would be out done by another astounding play. Shakespeare wonderedhow such a task could be accomplished. What was it about Macbeth that made it loved byeveryone? Shakespeare’s style has been analyzed by many and some still can not figure it out. His poetry has influenced his plays immensely. Apart from the fascinating characters of the two leading roles, the play’s chiefattraction is it wonderful poetry. Scarcely a word is wasted, and vivid imagestumble after each other in a stream of color and ideas. (Ross 43)Shakespeare put great thought into what he wanted to write and his feelings expressedthemselves through the stylistic devices of tone, characterization, and symbolism. Shakespeare’s characterization of Macbeth exonerates the impact he had on the play. Thetone in Macbeth remains sinister and depressing throughout the play.Symbolism, on the otherhand, kept the tragedy in tact, and if understood, revealed the whole play in the very beginning ofThe character of Macbeth profoundly effects the play, by means of transpiring his actionsto hurt others. If looking at the characteristics of good and evil, it makes the reader wonder whatmakes a person good or evil. Evil is not born into people, but it is the only option they haveThree features we have seen stand out clear in the general conception of Macbeth. There is his eminently practical nature, which is the key to the whole. And the absence in him of the inner life adds two special features: one is hishelplessness under suspense, the other is the activity of his imagination with itssusceptibility to supernatural terrorsHis practical power develops as capacity forcrimehis mind is as scorpions; it is tortured in restless ecstasy. Suspense hasundermined his judgment and brought on him the gambler’s feverThe thirdfeature in Macbeth is the quickening of his sensitiveness to the supernatural sideby side with the deadening of his conscienceIn the reaction from the murder ofBanquo the supernatural appearance-which no eye sees but his own-appears morereal to him than the real life around him. And from this point he seeks the supernatural, forces it to disclose its terrors, and thrusts himself into an agonizedvision of generations that are to witness the triumph of his foes. (Moulton Moulton knows what he is talking about. Macbeth was heavily influenced by supernaturalforces. In fact, were it not for them he might be living a happy and content life. The witches hada profound affect on him. He soon found himself in a world where he wanted to know more andmore and the weird women were the only ones who could satisfy his hunger. Macbeth went froma man who served everyone but himsel f to a man who served only himself. The one thing thatMacbeth had that meant the most to him was his wife. Lady Macbeth is his world. For a manwho shows so much hate, gives a lot of love. They are one of the greatest pairs of lovers thatever existed. There is a spot where the reader can obviously pick up the dramatic changeMacbeth went through. â€Å"Seyton: The queen, my lord, is dead. Macbeth: She should have diedhereafter; There would have been a time for such a word â€Å"(Shakespeare, Act V, Scene V). Hiswife, his love, his world had died and he did not even care. The way he just disregarded her letsthe readers know that he is a changed man, and not for the better. His desire to be unstoppableand all powerful was what killed him. His ambition clouded his once clever mind to where hecould not look past the apparitions prophecies. .uca4e81debdbdd7bcaf33f9ec4aeac199 , .uca4e81debdbdd7bcaf33f9ec4aeac199 .postImageUrl , .uca4e81debdbdd7bcaf33f9ec4aeac199 .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .uca4e81debdbdd7bcaf33f9ec4aeac199 , .uca4e81debdbdd7bcaf33f9ec4aeac199:hover , .uca4e81debdbdd7bcaf33f9ec4aeac199:visited , .uca4e81debdbdd7bcaf33f9ec4aeac199:active { border:0!important; } .uca4e81debdbdd7bcaf33f9ec4aeac199 .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .uca4e81debdbdd7bcaf33f9ec4aeac199 { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .uca4e81debdbdd7bcaf33f9ec4aeac199:active , .uca4e81debdbdd7bcaf33f9ec4aeac199:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .uca4e81debdbdd7bcaf33f9ec4aeac199 .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .uca4e81debdbdd7bcaf33f9ec4aeac199 .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .uca4e81debdbdd7bcaf33f9ec4aeac199 .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .uca4e81debdbdd7bcaf33f9ec4aeac199 .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .uca4e81debdbdd7bcaf33f9ec4aeac199:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .uca4e81debdbdd7bcaf33f9ec4aeac199 .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .uca4e81debdbdd7bcaf33f9ec4aeac199 .uca4e81debdbdd7bcaf33f9ec4aeac199-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .uca4e81debdbdd7bcaf33f9ec4aeac199:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Woman's Studies EssayFrom the very first words, the tone reveals itself as drab and murky. It is thundering andlightning in the very beginning and rainstorms automatically give the readers an eerie feeling. Darkness, we may even say blackness, broods over this tragedy. It is remarkablethat almost all the scenes which at once recur to memory take place either at night or in some dark. The vision of the dagger, the murder of Duncan, the murder of Banquo, the sleep-walking of Lady Macbeth, all come in night scenes. (BradleyBradley is merely stating that the atmosphere remains uniform. There are a few places where thedreary mood is blanketed by things that appear to be happy. When Macbeth arrives home, LadyMacbeth seems so enthusiastic to see him. Her excitement is truly genuine, but beneath herhappiness is a plot of deceit and murder. Lady Macbeth: Your face, my thane, is as a book, where men may read strangematters:-To beguile the time, look like the time; bear welcome in your eye, yourhand, your tongue: look like the innocent flower, but be the serpent under it. She is telling him that his face can easily be read and that he needs to act like normal, butunderneath to be cunning. This passage takes an almost cheery moment and takes it back to aworld full of betrayal. Another place where gaiety is almost achieved is toward the very end ofthe book. â€Å"Malcolm: We will perform in measure, time, and place: So thanks to all at once, andto each one, Whom we invite to see us crown’d at Scone† (Shakespeare, Act V, Scene VII). Allseems merry, but if thought about it, the reader can easily see that trouble awaits. Malcolm hasjust defeated Macbeth. However, he did not do this all on his own. He had help from England inthe defeat. England would not send troops in to help fight a war for nothing. They would soontry to recapture Scotland. Therefore, the â€Å"happy ending† is not really going to end â€Å"happily everThrough foreshadowing, Shakespeare was able to give the play a deeper meaning. Foreshadowing was used in the very fi rst scene. The three weird sisters in Act 1, Scene III, werediscussing about someone whom they were going to place a curse on. â€Å"3 Witch: Sister, wherethou? 1 Witch: A sailor’s wife had chestnuts in her lap† (Act 1, Scene III). This sailor isreferring to Macbeth. Macbeth was at first the Thane of Glamis, which represents the sailor of aship. The witches later go on to describe what they do to the sailor. 1 Witch: I’ll drain him dry as hay: Sleep shall neither night nor day Hang uponhis pent-house lid; He shall live a man forbid: Weary sev’n nights, nine timesnine, Shall he dwindle, peak, and pine: Though his bark cannot be lost, Yet isshall be tempest-toss’d. (Shakespeare Act I, Scene III) Macbeth was literally being drained dry as hay, â€Å"Macbeth: And, with thy bloody and invisiblehand, cancel, and tear to pieces, that great bond which keeps me pale† (Shakespeare Act III,Scene II). He often complained how he never slept. He had insomnia and it had all started thenight he had killed Duncan. â€Å"Macbeth: Still it cried, ‘Sleep no more!’ to all the house: ‘Glamishath murther’d sleep: and therefore Cawdor shall sleep no more, Macbeth shall sleep no more’†(Shakespeare Act II, Scene II). Shakespeare used foreshadowing in most of all of his plays. There are also many who believe that Macbeth and the Bible are related to one another. Paul N. Macbeth resembles Adam in being suggested to evil by demonic forces, in thedeliberate choice of evil which seems good, in his desire to rise in the scale ofbeing, and in susceptibility to wifely logic. Thus his characterization isuniversalized and made applicable to every man. Evil in Macbeth is given thesame wide reference by the protagonist’s linkage with Judas, Lucifer, and Saul. Macbeth is like Judas in that his victim, Duncan, is a Christ-figure overflowingwith love and grace; in his welcome at Dunsinane to Duncan as being reminiscentof Judas at the Last Supper; and in the earthquake and eclipse that accompany thecrucifixion of Christ and the murder of Duncan. (Monarch Notes 4)In my opinion, I never would have thought about Macbeth and the Bible relating to one another,but everyone has their own opinion. Symbolism played a very important part in Macbeth. Blood, for instance, was very key in it. Duncan’s blood on the Macbeth’s hands is a symbol ofthe evil cri me they committed, the guilt of which cannot be washed away. Macbeth’s curse,â€Å"Will all great Neptune’s ocean wash this blood clean from my hand? No, this my hand willrather the multitudinous seas incarnadine, making the green one red† (Shakespeare Act II, SceneIII). â€Å"Lady Macbeth: Out, damned spot! out I say!yet who would have thought the old man tohave had so much blood in him† (Shakespeare Act V, Scene I). The guilt of Duncan’s murder,although more present in Macbeth at first, has grown in Lady Macbeth until she began having thesame insane visions of her hands getting bloodier and bloodier not ever coming clean.Bibliography:

Qualities of a Councelor and Change in Counselings Standards Essay Example

Qualities of a Councelor and Change in Counselings Standards Paper The counseling profession has experienced a great deal of change, especially during the 1990s. Several of those changes occurred in 1992; these include the changing of the AACDs name to the ACA (American Counseling Association), the adding of counseling as a primary mental health profession into the health care human resource statistics of the Center for Mental Health Services and National Institute of Mental Health, and the writing of the multicultural counseling standards and competencies, which was done by Sue Arredondo and McDavies. Another major change that occurred in the 1990s was the inclusion of counselors as providers for managed health care organizations. Two of the major trends being faced by counselors in the new century include having to serve an increasing number of clients recovering from violence, crisis situations, and trauma, and helping clients cope with loneliness and isolation. The negative characteristics of the first trend are that crisis situations and acts of violence have become more deadly and prevalent in society since the 1990s, examples of these being the Columbine massacre and the 9/11 terrorist attacks, and incidences of post-traumatic stress disorder have also become prevalent as a result of these terrible events. We will write a custom essay sample on Qualities of a Councelor and Change in Counselings Standards specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on Qualities of a Councelor and Change in Counselings Standards specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on Qualities of a Councelor and Change in Counselings Standards specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer The positive characteristics to emerge from this trend are that counselors have begun receiving specialized training in crisis counseling in order to better serve clients, and they have been able to develop practical and well-focused action plans and strategies towards helping clients of all ages to recover. The negative characteristic of the second trend is that more individuals today are experiencing extreme loneliness and isolation than ever before. The positive characteristic is that counseling relationships have helped these individuals significantly overcome their loneliness. For their part, counselors can rise to the challenge by realizing how important they are in their clients lives and by coming to regard their profession as a calling that they are willingly answering. The five most important qualities a counselor should possess are to have the ability to listen because clients more often desire to be listened to than to be spoken to, to display empathy and understanding in order to show clients that the counselor realizes the gravity of their situation, to display emotional insightfulness so that one can tolerate and expect all types of emotions to come forth, to have the ability for self-denial so that one learns to take care of others before treating ones own needs, and to possess tolerance of intimacy which is essential since most counselor-client relationships are often long-term and very personal. In order to improve themselves professionally throughout their careers counselors must first realize that competency within the profession is directly related to how they function on a personal level. Due to this counselors should become self-aware of their personalities and attitudes, learn from their own emotional experiences while maintaining emotional stability and maturity, successfully integrate whatever counseling techniques and knowledge they acquired into their own lives, and learn to prevent or treat stress and burnout on the job. The developmental/wellness approach emphasizes that people engage in certain patterns of behavior through the various ongoing developmental stages in life. Counselors using this approach, therefore, would view a client based upon which stage his/her problem is emanating from. Oftentimes, these counselors believe that behaviors that are suitable for one stage may not be so for another. In contrast a counselor who abides by the medical/pathology approach would view a client based upon what symptoms, listed in the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, of psychological problems he/she displays. Another point of comparison reveals that both do share the notion that external environmental and social factors must be taken into consideration when diagnosing and treating clients problems. The benefits of ethical codes are that they can serve as guidelines for helping counselors to arrive at solutions to ethical dilemmas, they demonstrate the increasing level of professionalism that the field of counseling has recently experienced, and they keep counselors liable for any misfired attempts towards solving ethical dilemmas without consulting the codes first. The limitations of these codes are that they cannot resolve certain issues, are often unenforceable, contradictions may exist within the codes, legal and ethical codes may come into conflict, and they often do not address cross-cultural issues, among other things. For making ethical decisions counselors can use the codes listed by the professional counseling associations to which they belong to and consult with colleagues, legal professionals, casebooks, or principles. There are three instances in which a counselor may be sued for malpractice; the first one is when a counselor may have to face civil liability malpractice suits for supposed invasion of privacy. The second instance of a counselor facing a civil liability malpractice suit is when a counselor is accused of defamation. The third instance of a counselor facing a malpractice suit, this time for criminal liability, is when he/she is accused of serving as an accessory to a crime. The steps that counselors can take in order to avoid malpractice suits are to familiarize themselves with those elements of the law that are shared by both the mental health and legal professions, to recognize those elements of the law that are not to be found in the mental health culture, to continuously review the ethical codes of the professional counseling associations, and finally to consult with colleagues and legal professionals over ways to overcome certain ethical-legal dilemmas.